"Affiliate" means, with respect to an entity, any other entity that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such entity; and "control" means the power or authority, whether exercised or not, to direct the business, management and policies of such entity, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise, which power or authority shall conclusively be presumed to exist upon possession of beneficial ownership or power to direct the vote of more than fifty percent (50%) of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting of the members or shareholders of such entity or power to control the composition of a majority of the board of directors of such entity; the term "controlled" has the meaning correlative to the foregoing;
这是合同里常见的定义，常见的译文是"就一个实体而言……"。各种版本网络上都有，不赘。一直觉得此法不是最佳方案，今天遇到，我从头做了个版本，十分钟前刚搞定的，新鲜热辣
：
"关联方" 是指在甲实体直接或间接控制乙实体，为乙实体控制或者与乙实体共同受控制时，甲乙实体之间互为关联方。"控制"是指通过持有有表决权股份、合同或其他方式 直接或者间接地指令某实体业务、管理和政策的权力或授权（是否行使不论）。当拥有指令某实体股东（大）会会议半数以上表决权的受益所有权或权力时，或当拥 有控制某实体董事会多数人员组成时，即可推定拥有上述权力或授权。
另外说明两点，除非明确是"公司"，否则我不用"关联公司"，而用"关联方"，概念更广。英文最后一句是英语语言特点决定的，翻译成中文则无需劳神。
